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market gardening and farming

Gallery

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    'A Chinese garden in Victoria', c. 1874
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    Botanic Gardens curator's residence, January 1876, courtesy of Northern Territory Library.
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    Gardens, 1910s, by Miller, William Charles, courtesy of Northern Territory Library.
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    Port Darwin Hospital, 1890, courtesy of Northern Territory Library.
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    Chinese gardens, c. 1878 - c. 1883, courtesy of Northern Territory Library.
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    Gardens, 1910s, by Miller, William Charles, courtesy of Northern Territory Library.
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    Chinese market gardens, c. 1900, courtesy of State Library of Victoria - Picture Collection.
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    Chinese gardener on "Toorale" with cauliflower - Bourke, NSW, c. 1930, courtesy of State Library of New South Wales - Mitchell Library.
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    [Man watering rows of peanuts by hand, Cape York, Queensland], c. 1899 - c. 1928, courtesy of National Library of Australia - Picture collection.
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    A Chinese man stands in front of a crop grown near Darwin, c. 1889, courtesy of State Library of South Australia.
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Details

As mining became less profitable in the various colonies from the 1870s onwards, market gardening became the next most common Chinese occupation. At this time European Australians avoided market gardening which provided a niche for the many Chinese in Australia with agricultural backgrounds. By the 1900s approximately one third of all Chinese in Victoria, New South Wales and Western Australia were engaged in market gardening. Even before this Chinese on the gold fields grew their own vegetables and those in market gardening at this time possibly made more money than those mining gold.

Market gardens tended to be located in the city suburbs. Chinese communities, like the one in Alexandra, Sydney, often grew up around them. In Melbourne there were market gardens along Merri Creek and in suburbs such as Brighton and Caulfield. In Western Australia they tended to be around Perth and in Fremantle along the Swan River. In the Northern Territory the Chinese grew the bulk of fresh produce for Darwin on the outskirts of town and in the Pine Creek area. In north Queensland Chinese market gardening was really more on the scale of farming with Chinese specialising in bananas and sugar and even experimenting with rice, corn and lychees.

Chinese market gardens tended to operate on a cooperative basis with as many as ten workers, often from the same clan. There were close ties between market garden cooperatives and urban Chinese storekeepers and greengrocers who helped provide gardeners with credit or financial support. Using hand made tools market gardeners worked long hours in this very labour intensive industry. Crop rotation and double cropping methods were used to grow a range of produce including tomatoes, cauliflower, herbs, leafy vegetables like lettuces. Produce was sold either direct to the market or else through a commission agent who sold the produce on the gardeners' behalf. Although Chinese market gardeners and hawkers are seen as synonymous, due to the high labour intensity of both activities it is unlikely that an individual could perform both concurrently.

As in other industries where the Chinese were successful, Chinese market gardeners also faced opposition from their European counterparts. In 1900 a Market Gardeners' Association was formed partly in opposition to Chinese competition. During the depression others resented the fact that the Chinese were able to make money out of 'incidental' crops which non-Chinese found uneconomical. Chinese market gardeners were accused of using urine and faeces to fertilise their gardens and of living in insanitary conditions.

As the Chinese population in Australia declined so too did Chinese market gardeners. The Greek and Italian community started to move into the industry, particularly after World War II. However it was not until at least the 1950s, possibly later, when the last of the original Chinese market gardens finally disappeared.

Sources used to compile this entry: Bate, Weston, A History of Brighton, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1983; Broome, Richard, Coburg: Between Two Creeks, Lothian Publishing, Melbourne, 1987; Chou, Bon-wai, 'The sojourning attitude and the economic decline of Chinese society in Victoria, 1860s-1930s', in P. Macgregor (ed.), Histories of the Chinese in Australasia and the South Pacific, Museum of Chinese Australian History, Melbourne, 1995, pp. 59-74; Cronin, Kathryn, Colonial Casualties: Chinese in Early Victoria, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1982; Fitzgerald, Shirley, Red Tape and Gold Scissors [Chinese language version.], 1996; Fitzgerald, Shirley, Red Tape and Gold Scissors: The Story of Sydney's Chinese, State Library of NSW Press, Sydney, 1996; Ryan, Jan, Ancestors: Chinese in Colonial Australia, Fremantle Arts Centre Press, Fremantle, WA, 1995; Shun Wah, Annette & Aitkin, Greg, Banquet: Ten Courses to Harmony, Doubleday, Sydney, 1999.

Prepared by: Sophie Couchman, La Trobe University

Employed

Archival Collections

Northern Territory Library

  • Shu Ack Fong collection, c. 1942 - c. 1948, 0497; Northern Territory Library. Details

State Library of New South Wales - Mitchell Library

  • Davis, W.H. Album of Photographs, 1900-1902, 1900 - 1902, ML A4467; State Library of New South Wales - Mitchell Library. Details
  • Foelsche: Lantern slides of old Darwin, PXN 254, ON 30; State Library of New South Wales - Mitchell Library. Details

Published Resources

Books

  • Bate, Weston, A History of Brighton, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1983. Details
  • Cronin, Kathryn, Colonial Casualties: Chinese in Early Victoria, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1982. Details
  • Fitzgerald, Shirley, Red Tape and Gold Scissors [Chinese language version.], 1996. Details
  • Fitzgerald, Shirley, Red Tape and Gold Scissors: The Story of Sydney's Chinese, State Library of NSW Press, Sydney, 1996. Details
  • Rannard, Ian, The Forgotten Gardens: The Story of the Last Market Gardens in Willoughby and Northbridge, NSW, Parker Pattinson Publishing, Douglas Park, New South Wales, 2005. Details
  • Ryan, Jan, Ancestors: Chinese in Colonial Australia, Fremantle Arts Centre Press, Fremantle, WA, 1995. Details
  • Shun Wah, Annette & Aitkin, Greg, Banquet: Ten Courses to Harmony, Doubleday, Sydney, 1999. Details

Book Sections

  • Chou, Bon-wai, 'The sojourning attitude and the economic decline of Chinese society in Victoria, 1860s-1930s', in P. Macgregor (ed.), Histories of the Chinese in Australasia and the South Pacific, Museum of Chinese Australian History, Melbourne, 1995, pp. 59-74. Details

Conference Papers

  • Stone, Jillian, 'Chinese Market Gardeners and Their Impact on Vegetable Consumption Patterns in Australia, 1870-1920', in Symposium of Australian Gastronomy Proceedings, 1987. Details

Edited Books

  • Yong, Arthur (ed.), Chinese Settlement in Whittlesea, Our Chinese Community, Our Stories, Whittlesea Chinese Association with City of Whittlesea, Whittlesea, Victoria, 2008. Details

Journal articles

  • Atkinson, Anne, 'Chinese market gardening in the Perth metropolitan area, 1900-1920', Western Geographer, vol. 8, 1984, pp. 38-52. Details
  • Frost, Warwick, 'Migrants and technological transfer: Chinese farming in Australia, 1850-1920', Australian Economic History, vol. 42, no. 2, 2002, pp. 113-131. Details
  • Jack, Ian, Holmes, Kate & Kerr, Ruth, 'Ah Toy's Garden: A Chinese Market Garden on the Palmer River Goldfield, North Queensland', Australian Journal of Historical Archaeology, vol. 2, 1984, pp. 51-58. Details
  • McGowan, Barry, 'Chinese market gardens in southern and western New South Wales', Australian Humanities Review, vol. 36, July. Also available at http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/archive/Issue-July-2005/10McGowan.html. Details
  • Reeves, Keir, 'Historical neglect of an enduring Chinese community', Traffic, no. 3, 2003, pp. 53-77. Details
  • Reeves, Keir, 'A songster, a sketcher and the Chinese on central Victoria's Mount Alexander diggings: Case studies in cultural complexity during the second half of the nineteenth century', Journal of Australian Colonial History, vol. 6, 2004, pp. 175-192. Details
  • Stanin, Zvonkica, 'From Li Chun to Yong Kit: A market garden on the Loddon, 1851-1912', Journal of Australian Colonial History, vol. 6, 2004, pp. 15-34. Details

Newspaper articles

  • 'Chinese market gardeners now doing a very lucrative business', Inquirer, 5 August 1885, p. 3g. Details
  • '[Article re: early Chinese market gardens at South Perth]', Western Australian, 5 April 1952, p. 17c. Details
  • '[Article on Chinese market gardeners]', Western Australian, 20 March 1968, p. 5. Details
  • Winter, Wilfred, 'Burnie's Chinese', 31 January 1976, p. 14. Details

Theses

  • John, Y.Y, 'Chinese market gardeners, Sydney', MA thesis, University of Sydney, 1971. Details

Online Resources

See also

  • Birtles, Francis, 'Strange Australia: A series of out-of-the-way photographs of the North, with notes, by Francis Birtles', The Lone Hand, 1 December 1911, pp. 158-165. Details
  • Broome, Richard, Coburg: Between Two Creeks, Lothian Publishing, Melbourne, 1987. Details
  • Clarion, 'Chinese in Sydney', Sydney Mail, 25 February 1903. Details
  • Cohuna & District Historical Society, Unlock the Land: A History of the Cohuna District 1875-1975, 2nd edn, Cohuna, 1988. Details
  • Zheng Ri, Zheng Jiale and Zheng Tieqiao, http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au/store/3/4/5/5/1/public/zheng.htm. Details
  • Loh, Morag, 'Chinese', in Andrew Brown-May and Shurlee Swain (eds), The Encyclopedia of Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, pp. 131-132. Details
  • Nicholas, Diane & Sheehan, Mary, Faint Traces: Chinese in Hawthorn before the Second World War, Hawthorn historical Society & City of Boroondara Library Service, Hawthorn, 2002. Details
  • Wickham, H.F., 'China in Sydney', The Red Funnel, no. 1 August 1906, 1906, pp. 54-60. Details
  • Yu, Ouyang, 'All the lower order: Representations of Chinese cooks, market gardeners, street hawkers, laundrymen, storekeepers, domestic servants and herbalists in Australian literature from 1888-1988', in P. Macgregor (ed.), Histories of the Chinese in Australasia and the South Pacific, Museum of Chinese Australian History, Melbourne, 1995, pp. 100-112. Details

Images

Title
'A Chinese garden in Victoria'
Type
Illustration
Date
c. 1874
Place
Australia - Victoria
Details
Title
Alfred Fong Tong in his vegetable garden
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Victoria - Warracknabeal
Details
Title
'Chinese gardens'
Type
Illustration
Date
c. 1886
Place
Australia - Victoria
Details
Title
Chinese market gardener Lau Poi Wei selling his produce in the streets of North Perth, 1930s-1940s
Type
Photograph
Date
1930s - 1940s
Place
Australia - Western Australia - Perth
Details
Title
Entrance to first Government Garden with unidentified Chinese [?] gardeners
Type
Photograph
Date
1874 - January 1876
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Garden with building in background and unidentified man posed in foreground
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1909
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Gardens with dead tree in the background
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1909 - c. 1914
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek
Details
Title
Market gardens in Doctor's Gully with hospital on hill behind
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1890
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston) - Doctor's Gully
Details
Title
Market gardens in Mt Eliza, Perth
Type
Photograph
Date
1890s - 1900s
Place
Australia - Western Australia - Perth - Mt Eliza
Details
Title
Miner's hospital and Chinese [?] gardens at Yam Creek
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1878
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Yam Creek
Details
Title
Peel's Well gardens with Port Darwin Hospital in background
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1874 - c. 1878
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston) - Doctor's Gully
Details
Title
Pine Creek Chinese gardens
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1909 - c. 1914
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese market gardens in Hawthorn
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1900
Place
Australia - Victoria - Melbourne - Hawthorn
Details
Title
Unidentified figures in garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910 - c. 1920
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified gardener holding cauliflower 1
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1930
Place
Australia - New South Wales - Bourke
Details
Title
Unidentified man watering rows of peanuts using watering cans on shoulder poles
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Queensland - Cape York
Details

See also

Title
A Chinese man stands in front of an arnatto crop grown near Darwin
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 30 May 1889
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
A garden and building of a Chinese character
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1913
Details
Title
A group of women and children standing in the vegetable garden which was run by a Chinese gardener.
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910
Place
Australia - Queensland - Isisford District - 'Portland Downs' Station
Details
Title
A group of women with an unidentified Chinese gardener in the background
Type
Photograph
Date
1900
Place
Australia - Victoria - Beaufort - 'The Firs'
Details
Title
Ah Cheong, Queeny
Type
Photograph
Date
- 17 February 1938
Place
Australia - Victoria - Ararat
Details
Title
Ah Hong with unidentified child posed with pile of potatoes
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Alice Springs?
Details
Title
Banana crop believed to be growing in a Chinese market garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1912
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek
Details
Title
Benjamin, Christina and Nathaniel Cheong in a vegetable garden with unidentified friends
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Victoria?
Details
Title
Blind Tommy's vegetable garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1914 - c. 1941
Place
Australia - Victoria - Beechworth
Details
Title
Botanical gardens coconut avenue
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1900
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Chinese cook's vegetable garden, Manbullo Station, 25 June 1921
Type
Photograph
Date
25 June 1921
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Katherine - Manbullo Station
Details
Title
Chinese farm workers planting cane on Hambledon Sugar Plantation, Cairns, 1890s
Type
Photograph
Date
1890s
Place
Australia - Queensland - Cairns
Details
Title
Chinese fruit and vegetable seller, Brisbane
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Queensland - Brisbane
Details
Title
Chinese garden at Wave Hill Station, 16 October 1926
Type
Photograph
Date
16 October 1926
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Wave Hill station
Details
Title
Chinese Gardens, Mr and Mrs Tindal of the B.A.T.
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1901 - c. 1904
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Chinese lepers Clayton St. 1868
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1868
Place
Australia - Victoria - Ballarat - Clayton Street
Details
Title
Chinese market garden with two unidentified gardeners at Kalinga, Brisbane
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1925
Place
Australia - Queensland - Brisbane - Kalinga
Details
Title
Chinese market gardener's house surrounded by a flooded Sandy Creek, Clermont
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Queensland - Clermont
Details
Title
Chinese market gardens in Walhalla
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1906 - c. 1920
Place
Australia - Victoria - Walhalla
Details
Title
Chinese vegetable patch on gravel formation
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1912 - c. 1920
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Chung Ah Sue in his market garden, York
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1925
Place
Australia - Western Australia - York
Details
Title
Daly River cattle station with unidentified Chinese [?] servants
Type
Photograph
Date
September 1887
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Daly River
Details
Title
Edward Chong, Oodnadatta
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1918
Place
Australia - South Australia - Oodnadatta
Details
Title
Gardener in garden with indigenous female staff
Type
Photograph
Date
1931
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Wave Hill station
Details
Title
Gardener with horse and cart
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1909 - c. 1914
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Gardeners on the railway station platform, Cairns
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910
Place
Australia - Queensland - Cairns
Details
Title
Jimmy in his market garden on Snake Valley Road, Linton
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1900
Place
Australia - Victoria - Linton - Snake Valley Road
Details
Title
Jimmy selling vegetables in Linton township
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1900
Place
Australia - Victoria - Linton
Details
Title
Jimmy War Sing on his fruit and vegetable cart
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1900 - c. 1902
Place
Australia - New South Wales - Blue Mountains - Katoomba
Details
Title
Jimmy, a homestead gardener from Gogeldene near Yanco, c1914
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1914
Place
Australia - New South Wales - Yanco
Details
Title
Looking down onto the Chinese Market Gardens at Mitchelton, Brisbane
Type
Photograph
Date
1930 - 1940
Place
Australia - Queensland - Brisbane - Michelton
Details
Title
Market garden run by unidentified Chinese gardener on 'Portland Downs' station
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1915
Place
Australia - Queensland - Isisford District - "Portland Downs" Station
Details
Title
Market gardeners' huts in Urquhart Street (1)
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Victoria - Melbourne - Hawthorn - Urquhart Street
Details
Title
Market gardeners' huts in Urquhart Street (2)
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Victoria - Melbourne - Hawthorn - Urquhart Street
Details
Title
Market gardeners in Kiandra
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1860 - c. 1900
Place
Australia - New South Wales - Kiandra
Details
Title
Market gardens and gardener's residence
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1901 - c. 1904
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Members of the Cohuna Co-operative Gardeners Association and unidentified Chinese market gardener
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1919
Place
Australia - Victoria - Cohuna
Details
Title
Mr & Mrs Biu & Sim Wong, their two daughters and Mr Wong's parents in Wong's garden in Camden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1969
Place
Australia - New South Wales - Sydney - Camden
Details
Title
Ned Chong in his garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910
Place
Australia - South Australia - Oodnadatta
Details
Title
Ned Chong in his garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910
Place
Australia - South Australia - Oodnadatta
Details
Title
Ned Chong's vegetable garden and dwelling
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910
Place
Australia - South Australia - Oodnadatta
Details
Title
Paw paw and cabbages believed to be growing in a Chinese market garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1912
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek
Details
Title
Pineapple plantation
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1911
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Port scene overlooking harbour and market gardens
Type
Photograph
Date
1890s
Place
Australia - New South Wales - Sydney?
Details
Title
Potatoes and cabbages believed to be growing in a Chinese market garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1912
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek
Details
Title
Rice fields with buildings on the outskirts of Darwin
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1891
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
'Sketches from the Queensland diggings'
Type
Illustration
Date
c. 22 January 1879
Place
Australia - Queensland
Details
Title
Small grass thatched hut with unidentified Chinese market gardener
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1889 - c. 1890
Place
Australia - Queensland - Cairns
Details
Title
The last Chinaman on the Jordan goldfield, a market gardener
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1906 - c. 1907
Place
Australia - Victoria - Gippsland - Jericho
Details
Title
Three unidentified Chinese gardeners with musical instruments from Irvinebank, Queensland, 1908
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 10 July 1908
Place
Australia - Queensland - Irvinebank
Details
Title
Tommy Fong and his daughters on a tilling machine
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 29 August 1943
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek - Green Valley Garden
Details
Title
Unidentified children standing in vegetable garden beds
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 9 August 1945
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Adelaide River
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese [?] man ploughing a field
Type
Photograph
Date
1920s - ?
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1901
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Alice Springs
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1901
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Alice Springs
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese garden
Type
Illustration
Place
Australia?
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese garden in Darwin with house
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1890
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese garden with Darwin hospital in background
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1890
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston) - Doctor's Gully
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese garden, Darwin
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1900
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese gardener, c.1893
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1893
Place
Australia - Queensland
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese gardens
Type
Photograph
Date
1920s - ?
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)
Details
Title
Unidentified Chinese market gardeners in garden with bananas behind
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1885
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified gardener holding a cauliflower 2
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1930
Place
Australia - New South Wales - Bourke
Details
Title
Unidentified gardener in front of banana crop
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1928 - c. 1931
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified man holding two pineapples standing in a pineapple crop
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1911
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Darwin (Palmerston)?
Details
Title
Unidentified man ploughing using a buffalo
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910 - c. 1920
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Copperfield Gorge
Details
Title
Unidentified man posed in his garden
Type
Photograph
Date
1930s
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified man raking hay
Type
Photograph
Date
1912? - c. 1919
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified man riding a horse drawn plough
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Victoria?
Details
Title
Unidentified man using shoulder pole to water
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1910 - c. 1920
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified man watering plants with two watering cans on a shoulder pole
Type
Photograph
Place
Australia - Northern Territory?
Details
Title
Unidentified man with shoulder poles
Type
Photograph
Date
1920s
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified man working in a vegetable garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1901 - c. 1904
Place
Australia - Northern Territory
Details
Title
Unidentified market gardener at East End market
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 2 May 1903
Place
Australia - South Australia - Adelaide
Details
Title
Unidentified woman and child packing lettuce for supply to the Army
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1943
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek - Green Valley Garden
Details
Title
Vegetable garden run by a Chinese gardener on 'Portland Downs station
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1915
Place
Australia - Queensland - Isisford District - "Portland Downs" Station
Details
Title
View believed to include a Chinese market garden
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1912
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Pine Creek
Details
Title
View of Ashgrove showing Chinese market gardens along Ithaca Creek
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1929
Place
Australia - Queensland - Brisbane - Ashgrove - Ithaca Creek
Details
Title
Yap Ah Soong holding cabbage
Type
Photograph
Date
c. 1928 - c. 1937
Place
Australia - Northern Territory - Brunette Downs
Details